ACE inhibitors and ARBs
The most commonly used medications to lower blood pressure in people with diabetes are:
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors — like lisinopril and enalapril
Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) — like losartan and candesartan
These medications work on the kidneys to lower blood pressure.
But they can also slow down kidney damage that high blood sugar can cause. If you’re taking an ACE inhibitor or ARB, a healthcare professional will run blood tests to monitor the health of your kidneys.
Calcium channel blockers
Calcium channel blockers (like amlodipine and nifedipine) also work well to lower blood pressure in people with diabetes. These medications prevent calcium from entering the cells of the heart and blood vessels. This relaxes the muscles in the heart and blood vessels — and lowers blood pressure.
Calcium channel blockers work especially well in Black people and older adults. People usually tolerate them without issue. But, in rare cases, they can cause swelling of the feet and lower legs. If this happens, be sure to touch base with your healthcare team.
Beta blockers
Beta blockers — like metoprolol and carvedilol — are medications that block the hormone epinephrine (adrenaline). They can treat high blood pressure as well as coronary artery disease and heart failure.
Beta blockers can also block symptoms of low blood sugar (like a fast heartbeat). So, if you have diabetes and take a beta blocker, make sure to regularly check your blood sugar levels.
Diuretics
Diuretics — or “water pills” — are medications that lower blood pressure by helping the body get rid of excess fluid. In short, they make the kidneys work harder so that you pee more.
Beyond lowering blood pressure, diuretics can also help people who have heart failure or edema (swelling).
What else can I do about diabetes and high blood pressure?
Aside from making healthy lifestyle changes and taking high blood pressure medications (if needed), there are other healthy habits you can take up:
Keep your blood glucose levels in range. You can do this with a diabetes-friendly diet and medications (if your primary care provider recommends them). Controlling your blood sugar levels can also help with your high blood pressure and overall health.
Monitor your blood pressure. Get a home blood pressure monitor to keep tabs on your blood pressure. Your readings show how different situations affect your blood pressure. And this can help you and your care team know how well your treatment plan is working.
